What is Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP)?

Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) is a mechanical ventilation technique used in respiratory therapy and intensive care medicine. It involves applying a constant positive pressure to the airways during the expiratory phase of the respiratory cycle. This positive pressure helps keep the alveoli (tiny air sacs in the lungs) open and prevents them from collapsing. PEEP is commonly used in patients with respiratory distress or failure, such as those with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). By maintaining a baseline pressure at the end of expiration, PEEP improves oxygenation and can reduce breathing work. It is often set in addition to the positive pressure applied during inspiration (inhalation) in mechanical ventilation. The application of PEEP helps to recruit and maintain lung volume, improves gas exchange, and can enhance the effectiveness of mechanical ventilation.